There are two distinct sheriffdoms associated with the region of Fife in Scotland.

The Hereditary Sheriffdom of Fife is an office in the Baronage of Scotland that is still exists.

The current Hereditary Sheriff of Fife is Ambassador Dario Item, Earl of Rothes.

Until 1748, these administrative sheriffdoms were predominantly held hereditarily.

However, after the Jacobite uprising of 1745, they were replaced by salaried sheriff-deputes who were qualified advocates and members of the Scottish Bar.