Shiga 1st district (滋賀県第1区, Shiga-ken dai-ikku or simply 滋賀1区, Shiga-ikku) is a single-member constituency of the House of Representatives, the lower house of the national Diet of Japan.

It is located in Western Shiga and covers the cities of Ōtsu, the prefectural capital, and Takashima.

In the landslide "postal election" of 2005, Kawabata lost Shiga 1st district to Liberal Democrat Ken'ichirō Ueno, but regained it in the 2009 general election that swept the Democrats to power.

Kawabata became a minister of state in the Hatoyama, Kan and Noda cabinets; Ueno who failed re-election by proportional representation was a candidate in the 2010 Shiga gubernatorial race, but lost to centre-left supported incumbent Yukiko Kada.

Despite his comparatively narrow margin of defeat that gave him rank 4 on the DPJ list in Kinki, Kawabata also failed to win a proportional seat as the Democratic Party was reduced to fourth party (12.0%) in the Kinki proportional vote and only won three of 29 seats.in After Yukiko Kada had finished her second term as governor, she unsuccessfully challenged Ōoka for the seat in 2017, however she would win a seat in the House of Councillors two years later.