Sholom Dovber Schneersohn (Hebrew: שלום דובער שניאורסאהן) was the fifth rebbe (spiritual leader) of the Chabad-Lubavitch chasidic movement.

Over this period he gradually took on more responsibilities, particularly in dealing with the impact of the May Laws regarding the Jews, and on Rosh Hashanah 5643 (10 September 1892 OS) he accepted the leadership of the Lubavitch movement.

As Bolshevik forces approached Rostov he considered moving to Palestine,[5] which was part of the Ottoman Empire at the time, and prepared all the necessary paperwork; his only extant picture comes from his Turkish visa since he usually refused to be photographed.

Avrum Erlich has argued that it was these institutions that made Lubavitch the dominant of the various Chabad Hasidic movements.

He was a prominent opponent of Zionism, both in its secular and religious versions and a staunch ally of Reb Chaim Brisker.

Schneersohn worked tirelessly to organize a religious front with a center and a special office to deal with it all.

However, because the participants in this meeting were few and in a hurry to return home, the Moscow conference failed to yield proper results.

Notable disciples of Schneersohn include R. Levi Yitzchak Schneerson, R. Itche Der Masmid, and R. Zalman Moishe HaYitzchaki.