The women's 10 metre air rifle event at the 2016 Summer Olympics took place on 6 August 2016 at the National Shooting Center.

[1] The event consisted of two rounds: a qualifier and a final.

In the qualifier, each shooter fired 40 shots with an air rifle at 10 metres distance from the standing position.

19 year-old shooter Virginia Thrasher won the event with the score of 208.0, breaking the Olympic record and became the first gold-medalist of 2016 Summer Olympics The medals were presented by Thomas Bach, IOC President and Olegario Vázquez Raña, President of the International Shooting Sport Federation.

Prior to this competition, the existing world and Olympic records were as follows.