[3] By the point the CCP member is informed of their Shuanggui, the party disciplinary agencies have often already found enough evidence behind the scenes to establish guilt.
Party investigators often turn the suspect over to the formal system of prosecution, that is, the procuratorate, if the member is deemed to be guilty, which is most times the case.
[1][2] In 2018, the shuanggui process was superseded by liuzhi or "retention in custody," which expands beyond CCP members to the entire public sector, academics, and business leaders.
[4] In recent years much more light has been shed on the internal workings of the shuanggui system, both by Chinese media and by foreign press.
Other party officials told the Associated Press that they were "turned into human punching bags, strung up by the wrists from high windows, or dragged along the floor, face down, by their feet.
There is no external oversight of shuanggui facilities, allowing the Party to "abuse its own members in its own secret jails with impunity".