"Old Guard")[a] refers to the power and idea of existing traditional values or systems in opposition to any reform movement.
In Korean history, those who opposed 開化派, who insisted on independence and modernization from the Qing Dynasty, were called 守旧派.
"reactionary"); 守旧 focuses more on maintaining the stubbornly defending the status quo.
In Chinese or Korean politics, 守旧 may mean "ultraconservative" depending on the context,[5] but in Japan, "shukyū" or "Shukyū-ha" is not usually translated as "ultraconservative", as right-wing nationalists/conservatives are also used to criticize politicians who oppose the Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution.
[6] Junichiro Koizumi, the former prime minister (2001 – 2006), was called kaikaku hoshi because he pushed for neoliberal reforms, unlike shukyū hoshiu, which has a traditional bureaucratic nature.