The Sicilian Buttercup is a breed of domestic chicken originating from the island of Sicily.

It derives from the indigenous Siciliana breed of Sicily, but long separation from the original stock has led to marked differences between the two.

[8][9] Similar chickens are depicted in sixteenth-century paintings in the Vatican Museums and the Galleria Borghese in Rome, and in Florence and Paris.

[10][11] In about 1863[12]: 439  or 1877,[13]: 22  a certain Cephas Dawes of Dedham, Massachusetts, captain of the Frutiere, was loading oranges in Sicily and bought a number of chickens to provide meat on his homeward journey.

[14] The Sicilian Buttercup was included in the Standard of Perfection of the American Poultry Association in 1918.