Side cap

[1] In form the side cap is comparable to the glengarry, a folding version of the Scottish military bonnet.

All ranks of the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) are entitled to wear the blue garrison cap with appropriate cap badge as an optional items with General Purpose Uniform (GPU),[2] Service Dress (SD) and Flying Dress (FD) uniforms.

The coloured field service cap was a variant permitted for private purchase and worn only when off duty.

[11] Air force military police in dress uniform wear a scarlet flash in the front of their wedge caps showing 1 centimetre (3⁄8 in).

The French bonnet de police (or "calot") originated as a long, pointed headdress, with a tassel at the end of the trailing crown (or flamme).

[13] Gradually the flamme grew shorter until by the mid-nineteenth century the bonnet de police had become a true folding cap with no trailing crown.

Instead the tassel dangled from a short cord sewn onto front point of the crown, hanging above the soldier's right eye.

[16] When reintroduced for undress or fatigue wear in 1891[17] the French army's bonnet de police had become a plain item of dress without decoration.

[19] In 1915 the bonnet de police generally replaced the kepi for other ranks during the remainder of the First World War, because of its greater convenience when the Adrian steel helmet was issued.

Members of these units may have to change quickly from an ordinary headdress to a helmet, and an easily foldable cap is therefore practical.

The first model has a curved top line and is used by the Portuguese Air Force (all personnel, except members of Air Police), the Portuguese Navy (officers and sergeants), the Public Security Police (all personnel, except members of special units) and the fire services.

The second model is a pointed cap and is used by the Portuguese Army (only personnel in training) and by the National Republican Guard (GNR).

It continues to be worn in modern Russia, although more in the Air Force and the Navy, especially among submarine personnel, where its compactness is inherently practical.

In the Ground Forces the pilotka has been more or less displaced by the patrol cap and the beret as an undress headgear, although it remains in the regulations.

Navy tropical uniform also features the peculiar visored pilotka, to protect its wearers from the sun.

The gorro de cuartel was originally known as the Isabellina; a large beret-like headdress which also included a tassel and was worn by the supporters of Queen Isabella II during the Carlist Wars of the mid-19th century.

The Glengarry was replaced for officers of most non-Scottish units by a cap called the "torin" (similar in shape to the USSR's pilotka), which was worn from circa 1884 until 1896, when it too was replaced by a style for all ranks known as the "Austrian cap", which had a fold-down arrangement, giving the appearance when unfolded of a balaclava, thus warming the ears and back of the neck.

A more obscure type known as the "tent cap" is worn by officers of the Queen's Royal Hussars only and is unique in that it is not fitted with a badge, but identified instead by its regimental colouring.

The Torin style of cap is still worn by the Duke of Lancaster's Regiment and the Royal Dragoon Guards.

In the Royal Air Force, a blue-grey field forage cap[28] (sometimes called the 'chip bag hat') of an identical style remains widely worn with both working dress and flying suits.

With the replacement of the service cap and campaign hat, the garrison cap was given branch of service color piping, as had earlier been the case with the cord of the campaign hat (light blue for infantry, red for artillery, yellow for cavalry, etc.).

Like the Marine Corps, and in contrast to their Army and Air Force counterparts, the Navy caps for officers also avoid the use of metallic piping.

Enlisted personnel since 2008 have been issued a black garrison cap for wear with the new Navy Service Uniform.

Like the Navy and Marine Corps, and in contrast to their Army and Air Force counterparts, the Coast Guard garrison caps for officers also avoid the use of metallic piping.

Two distinct side caps were prominent among Yugoslav Partisans: the titovka, based on the Soviet pilotka, and the triglavka, based on the side caps worn by Yugoslav volunteers in the Spanish Civil War and the wider Republican faction.

After the war in the new Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, the titovka became the official cap of the Yugoslav People's Army.

[39] Officers and Instructors of the Australian Air Force Cadets are also entitled to wear a garrison cap with service dress uniform.

Participants of U.S. military ROTC and JROTC programs are issued garrison caps for the duration of their studies.