After the Seljuk sacking of Ani and Caesarea in 1063 and 1067, respectively (some sources suggest as early as 1064), the Byzantine army in the East found itself in too poor a shape to resist the advance of the Turks.
Had it not been for the efforts of the emperor Romanos IV Diogenes the Byzantine Empire could have suffered a disaster on the scale of Manzikert sooner.
[1] Further campaigning was met with some success by Romanos, despite the ill nature of his army, which had been poorly led since the death of Basil II in 1025.
The victory offered only a short respite; the Byzantine forces were routed at Manzikert in 1071, and in the midst of civil conflict that ensued, Iconium fell to the Turks.
On 18 May 1190, Iconium was briefly regained for Christianity a final time by the forces of Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor who captured the city during the Third Crusade.