Sima Marković (8 November 1888 in Kragujevac, Kingdom of Serbia – 19 April 1939 in Moscow, USSR) was a Serbian mathematician, communist and socialist politician and philosopher, known as one of the founders and first leaders of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia.

Marković was a doctor of mathematical sciences and a university professor.

[1] He was an early activist and member of the Serbian Social Democratic Party in the Kingdom of Serbia, and since the unification of the Yugoslav communists in 1919 a member of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia.

[2] He advocated the preservation and peaceful reform of Yugoslavia into the republic, as opposed to the then position of the Comintern.

He was rehabilitated on 10 June 1958 by a decision of the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union.