[2] Among the later Saffarid dynasty under Khalaf ibn Ahmad (r. 963–1002), the title was applied to the commander-in-chief of the army, while the hajib al-hujjab was a separate office, possibly commanding the slave troops (mamalik or ghilman).
[2] The Seljuq Empire and the Sultanate of Rum used a number of variants of the title, such as ispahsalar-i buzurg (اسپهسالار بزرگ) or amir-i ispahsalar (امیر اسپهسالار), as well as a variety of other Arabic, Persian and Turkish titles both in a technical sense for the commander-in-chief of the army as well as the governors and army commanders of important regions, as well as in a more general sense of "general officer".
[3] The title was also used by the Khwarizmshahs, originally Seljuq vassals, who employed a unique variant, qir isfahsalar (قیر اسفهسالار), for commanders of frontier regions.
[6] In Fatimid Egypt, the Isfahsalar was the commander-in-chief of the army and jointly responsible with the Head Chamberlain (Ṣāhib al-Bāb, صاحب الباب or Wazīr al-Ṣaghīr, Arabic: وزير الصغير) for military organization.
[4] The title survived among the Mamluks of Egypt, where both Isfahsalar and the nisba "al-Isfahsalārī" (الإسفهسلاري) were commonly used in the titulature of the senior commanders in the 13th century, but it seems to have been debased and fallen out of use thereafter.