Sir Oswald Mosley, 2nd Baronet (27 March 1785 – 24 May 1871), was an English aristocrat, politician, historian and naturalist.

He served as a Member of Parliament (MP) for several constituencies, authored several works in the aforementioned subjects and was High Sheriff of Staffordshire in 1814.

The family seat was at Rolleston Hall, near Burton upon Trent and he succeeded to the title of 2nd Baronet Mosley, of Ancoats, on 29 September 1798.

His uncle Ashton Nicholas Mosley married his mother-in-law Mary Morley and had issue, who succeeded in the House.

Educated at Rugby School, he then attended the University of Oxford where he graduated as a Doctor of Civil Law.