Sir William James Montgomery-Cuninghame, 9th Baronet VC (20 May 1834 – 11 November 1897) was a British Army officer from Scotland, Conservative politician and Victoria Cross recipient.

On 20 November 1854 at Sebastopol, the Crimea, he, with another lieutenant (Claud Thomas Bourchier) was with a party detailed to drive the Russians from some rifle pits.

Advancing on the pits after dark, they launched a surprise attack and drove the Russian riflemen from their cover, but, in the fierce fighting which ensued, the officer in command of the party was killed.

[5] Lieutenant Montgomery-Cuninghame was mentioned in Lord Raglan's despatches and "his bravery elicited the admiration of General Canrobert, who instantly published an order expressive of his approbation.

During the Crimean conflict, he was also awarded the Order of the Medjidie 5th Class[2][8] and the Turkish Crimea Medal[2] After the end of the Crimean War, on 22 November 1856, Montgomery-Cuninghame held the rank of captain and became an instructor of musketry at the Rifle Brigade[9] He was still serving in the military when on 14 August 1867, he was promoted to major half pay by purchase[10] Nine months later, on 22 May 1868, he was appointed lieutenant colonel of the Inns of Court Rifle Volunteer Corps[11] Then, on 28 August 1871 he was commissioned to Deputy Lieutenant of Ayrshire.

[16] In July 1897, he was expected to accompany the Volunteer Glasgow Infantry Brigade (which he had commanded since its inception) to Aldershot, where they were to perform duties akin to regular battalions stationed there.