Fort Andross

In 1986, the mills were revitalized and transformed into office and retail spaces and renamed back to Fort Andross to reflect the original name.

In the year 1620, a charter was granted by King James I of England to forty noblemen, knights, and gentlemen, calling themselves the Plymouth Company.

Purchase had settled in the area, four years prior, in 1628, setting up a trading post to buy and sell goods, mainly salmon, sturgeon and furs along the Androscoggin River.

The Wabanaki Native Americans referred to this area of Brunswick, Topsham and Harpswell Maine as Pejepscot which translates to long, rocky rapids part.

[1][2]: 7 In 1675, the settlements in Pejepscot were burned by the French and their native allies during King Philip's War and Purchase fled to Boston.

Andros with an army of 1,000 men, built a new fort on the occasion that the Wabanaki Native Americans would attack the area, as it was a highly sought after location for fishing and hunting.

Fort Andross was under the command of Lieutenant Colonel McGregory and Major Thomas Savage; it was destroyed during King William's War by the French and their Wabanaki allies in 1694.

[1][2]: 627 Although Fort Andross was named after Governor Edmund Andros, it is not known as to why the spelling changed, adding an extra S at the end.

[2]: 53 During the many Native American wars that were fought in the area, the inhabitants of Brunswick and Topsham gathered within the walls of the fort whenever they felt unsafe.

[2][4] As the series of wars were beginning to end in the region, the government of Massachusetts deemed it unnecessary to retain the fort any longer, even though earlier in the year, Adam Hunter, of Topsham Maine, received a commission as Captain, with the authority to raise an independent company.

[5][2]: 632–633 At a meeting of the Pejepscot Proprietors, held in 1761, Belcher Noyes (Municipal clerk) was instructed to execute a deed of the old fort, with the buildings and land belonging to it, and the privilege of the stream at the falls, half to Jeremiah Moulton, Esquire, the other half to Captain David Dunning, for the sum of one hundred thirty three pounds six shillings and eight pence.

[2]: 633 To mark the location of both forts, in 1810, three surveyors from the town of Brunswick, John Abbot, John Perry Jr. and Jacob Abbot, while surveying Maine Street, drilled a hole into a rock in the ground and drove an iron bolt 1.25 inches (32 mm) think, in diameter and 18 inches (460 mm) in length.

Technically not a memorial, as it was used for surveying purposes, the iron bolt was removed during the Cabot Manufacturing Company expansion of 1891.

They also occupied the whole breadth of the Androscoggin River with islands and dams, thirteen and a half acres of land in Brunswick and Topsham, and Hydropower sufficient to have as many saws and spindles of cotton machinery as there was space.

[2]: 565 The Brunswick Company ran this factory until 1840, when they leased it to Mr. Allen Colby, who managed it until March 1843, when it was sold at auction in Boston, Massachusetts to Whitwell, Seaver, & Co., for $34,400.

Due to a large amount of debt and a number of the shareholders failing to pay their assessments, it was sold at auction in 1857.

There were 9,000 spindles at work; the mill gave employment to one hundred and seventy-five employees, and turned out 50,000 yards of cotton per week.

[2]: 566–567 In 1891 the Cabot Manufacturing company asked, and was granted access to the town owned lot within feet (meters) of their mill for the purpose of expansion.

The striking children were offered one penny more an hour, the same pay as the nearby Bates Mill, in the neighboring town of Lewiston.

[9][10][11] In 1885, when a diphtheria epidemic raced through the Brunswick's Franco-American population, the State of Maine ordered the Cabot Manufacturing Company to clean up the tenements it had neglected.

[14] In 1968, Auerbach Shoe was ranked tenth for footwear manufacturers in all of New England selling women's and children's boots.

A full two and one-half months after the time when annual operations were normally resumed, management still publicly claimed that the layoff was merely seasonal.

[19] In 1986 Coleman P. Burke of New York City, founder and managing partner of Waterfront Maine (North River Company), purchased the land and mill building at auction.

Due to the non-use of the 45,000 square foot (4,200 m2) structure, 857 windows had to be replaced before it could be rented for retail and office space.

Fort Andross marker
Fort Andross marker
Cabot Mill 1920 Winding Room
Cabot Mill 1920 Winding Room