It took its name from the date of 1934 anticipated right-wing putsch against the Popular Front in France which was purportedly defeated by various left-wing groups.

It was formed mainly by French and Belgian volunteers, although it also included Algerian, Moroccan, Tangerine, Greek, Syrian, American, Chinese, Zionist Jewish and Hungarian personnel.

The name of the unit was in reference to the violent demonstration of 6 February 1934 in Paris, which was led by far-right leagues against the left-wing French parliament.

[1]: 582  On 4 August 1937 it was moved to the XIV International Brigade, and comprised three companies of riflemen.

Gabriel Fort was designated commander again on 7 August, but lost his vision in Villanueva de la Cañada during the following fights.