Even the origin of the breed's name is unclear, variously claimed to describe the early shepherd dog's dark colour ("coaly") or derived from the name of a breed of sheep with black faces once commonly kept in Scotland ("Colley") or derived from an Anglo-Saxon word meaning "useful."

The modern history of both the Smooth and Rough Collie began in the reign of Queen Victoria, who became interested in the shepherds' dogs while at Balmoral Castle in Scotland.

The smooth and rough are classified as separate breeds in other countries, such as the United Kingdom, and Australia.

The latter is a fairly recent development, however, with the Kennel Club (UK) allowing the interbreeding of the two varieties until 1993.

Although not an aggressive breed, they are alert and vocal, making them both good watchdogs if well trained and potential nuisances if allowed to bark indiscriminately.

Training this breed requires a light touch, as they are sensitive to correction and shy away from harsh treatment.

Smooth Collies are used both as family pets and in obedience competition, agility, herding trials, and other dog sports.