Frederick Barbarossa, the Holy Roman Emperor, held a Diet at Hermsdorf in September 1173 and deposed Frederick, nominating Oldřich, son of Soběslav I. Oldřich immediately abdicated in favour of his elder brother Soběslav II, who had been imprisoned since 1161.

Soběslav granted a charter to the town of Prague, but he entered into a fight with Henry II, Duke of Austria, in 1175.

In summer 1176, an army led by Duke Conrad Otto of Znojmo devastated the country to the north of the Danube.

Churches and monasteries were attacked and Pope Alexander III excommunicated the duke.

By 1179, Soběslav was removed and he died in "some part of a foreign land" on 29 January 1180 without heirs from his union with Elisabeth (d.1209), daughter of Mieszko III of Poland.