[4] Such separation can be best observed in the urban environment, "where [communities] of extreme wealth and social power are interspersed with places of deprivation, exclusion, and decline.
Conversely, the process of creative destruction is intrinsically spatially uneven, so some urban neighborhoods “at the receiving end” of globalization are harmed by it.
Simulation models and social media data show that people tend to lose social ties to friends of the opposite political ideology when news coverage differs greatly between news sources of opposite political lean,[9] i.e., a polarized information ecosystem.
However, cyberbalkanization, the phenomenon where media audiences fragment into "enclaves" where they only consume content they concur with—and thus theoretically promoting social polarization—may not have as much influence as believed.
[10] Polarization observed in a particular social media site need not necessarily be a result of events and discussions that happen on that platform.
As an instance from a 2019 study, messages propagating anti-climate change beliefs on Twitter were collectively found to carry no credibility.