Many PSAN-P militants also infiltrated border crossings, both to evacuate people fleeing repression and wishing to go into exile, and also to get activists preparing attacks into Catalonia.

Among the exiles were Jaume Fernàndez Calvet and Josep Serra "Cala", who remained to live permanently in Northern Catalonia.

In the subsequent amnesties, several militants returned from exile and were released from prison, but further arrests took place in February 1977 and August 1978, accused of being members of the PSAN Provisional or the JRC, as well as of logistical collaboration with the ETA structure in Catalonia.

During the years of the democratic transition, while the (official) PSAN began the road to legalisation and a normalised public presence, the Provisional PSAN continued to carry out anti-system and anti-capitalist agitation on the streets, taking part, alone or with other extreme left groups, in numerous illegal demonstrations that often ended in clashes with the police.

An example is the demonstrations of "solidarity with the Basque people", which in practice were counter-demonstrations to those called by the parliamentary parties against ETA terrorism.