Sofia Carolina Ahlbom (25 November 1803 – 8 June 1868) was a Swedish drawing artist, engraver, lithographer, photographer, map maker, writer, poet and feminist.

After the death of her father in 1822, she and her sister Gustafva Ahlbom founded and managed a girls' school to support themselves and their mother.

Sofia Ahlbom was employed as a map maker by the Navigationsskolan (University of Navigation) in Stockholm.

Fredrika Bremer mentioned Sofia Ahlbom with respect in Livet i gamla världen (1862).

Sofia Ahlbom succeeded Deland as secretary of the organisation after it had been approved by the government, a post she kept during the period of 1859–64.