[6][7] Upper flowering branches usually carry fewer prickles and appear more glabrous except for the viscid-villous hairs.

[7] Both surfaces of the leaves carry prickles along the major veins, similar in size to those found along the stems.

[9] Buzz-pollination is the mechanical shaking of the flowers' anthers, while in contact with the bodies of buzzing bees.

[12] The study took place in Breman-La Popa Firest Reserve in Colombia, located on the western slopes of the Central Cordillera of the Colombian Andes, where they observed distinct successional stages such as mature subandean forest, secondary growth with seven years and growth with one year of regeneration.

[13] There have been many studies regarding the defensive function of prickles, glandular hairs, and spines of plants against mammalian herbivores, but these dermal tissues also defend against Lepidoptera larvae.

[15] The most common host plant of Mechanitis menapis is the native Solanum acerifolium specifically in their larval stage.

[15] Solanum acerifolium is capable of populating many different habitats including forest clearings, pastures, roadsides, and ravines.

[6] It is possible that the commerce of coffee could be the reason for its success in distribution across countries in southern Mexico and South America.

[6] Solanum acerifolium can be found across two continents, spanning southern Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Trinidad, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru and eastern Brazil.

[6] Solanum acerifolium is classified within a specific group of species known for having distinct wing-like structures around the edges of their seeds, categorized within the Acanthophora clade of the Leptostemonum subgenus.

[17] The Acanthophora clade includes some of the most vicious of the spiny solanums, as they carry needle-like needles throughout the whole plant and even among the leaves.

[17] This particular subsection, although unnamed, is strongly suggested to be closely related as sister to S. atropurpureum and S. tenuispinum according to research.

Although there is 11 different studies published in the NCBI database that examine nucleotide base pairs of S. acerifolium ranging from 390pb to 2030bp of linear DNA.

[18] From the six related species (S. atropurpureum, S. capsicoides, S. myriacanthum, S. palinacanthum, and S. viarum) from the subgenus Acanthophora, chromosome counts show that all are diploids with 2n=22 or 2n=24.