Sole markings

Sole marks are sedimentary structures found on the bases of certain strata, that indicate small-scale (usually on the order of centimetres) grooves or irregularities.

[3] Sole markings are found most commonly in turbidite deposits, but are also often seen in modern river beds and tidal channels.

These structures were named and defined by Shrock in 1948[7] because of their long and narrow appearance, and they were formed from the filling in of grooves.

Groove casts are closely spaced, but not on top of each other, and exist in pairs, triples, and even larger groups.

Groove casts form when high velocity flows (e.g. turbidite) create a pattern on an underlying bed.