Solo (Stockhausen)

Solo for a melody instrument with feedback is a work for a soloist with live electronics (four technician assistants) composed in 1965–66 by Karlheinz Stockhausen.

The soloists were Yasusuke Hirata, trombone, and Ryū Noguchi, flute; the assisting technicians were Akira Honma, M. Nagano, Shigeru Satō, and the director of the NHK studio, Wataru Uenami.

[2] For the Tokyo premiere, a special table with adjustable guide rollers was constructed, to enable different delay times for the tape playback.

[4] Twenty years later, after initial difficulties, one such version was made at IRCAM in 1992, using Max/MSP on a NeXT Computer, and successfully performed in public in February and March 1993.

[5] In notes for a 2002 performance also using a computerised system, Stockhausen acknowledged the IRCAM version, emphasising that it was done live, but nevertheless concluded that "It will still be a long time until young musicians ... will be able to learn the interpretation of SOLO with suitable mobile apparatuses.

[6] Feedback (Rückkopplung) in this case refers to tape delay, through which music played by the soloist is made to return after periods of time specified in six different form plans, one of which is to be chosen for any performance.