[1] In the Solomon Islands there are 28 land based and 24 marine protected areas formally recognised (PIPAP 2016).

[4] There are 36 Key Biodiversity Areas identified for the Solomon archipelago, including Kunua Plains and Mount Balbi on Bougainville Island, Mount Maetambe – Kolombangara River Important Bird Area on Choiseul Island, Kolombangara Upland Forest, Guadalcanal Watersheds, Nendö Island and Marovo Kavachi, a submarine volcano known as Kavachi, which is 28 km (20 mi) to the south of Vangunu.

[6][2] The Solomon Islanders use trees from different forest types for housing, food and medicinal purposes.

[8] The Solomon archipelago has a rich and diverse marine life, including coral reefs and seagrass meadows.

Three of the fruit bats, Bougainville monkey-faced bat (Pteralopex anceps), Guadalcanal monkey-faced bat (Pteralopex atrata) and Montane monkey-faced bat (Pteralopex pulchra), are critically endangered, and three of the rodents are endangered, Buka Island mosaic-tailed rat or Buka Island melomys (Melomys spechti), Poncelet's giant rat or Poncelet's naked-tailed rat (Solomys ponceleti), and emperor rat (Uromys imperator) that is endemic to Guadalcanal.

Two bird species are critically endangered: Makira woodhen (Gallinula silvestris), yellow-legged pigeon (Columba pallidiceps).