Born in Stuttgart, she was the ninth of eleven children of Eberhard III, Duke of Württemberg and his second wife, Countess Marie Dorothea Sophie of Oettingen-Oettingen.
From Sophie Charlotte's ten full-siblings, only she and his three (unmarried) brothers George Frederick, Louis and John Frederick survive adulthood; in addition, they had fourteen older half-siblings from their father's first marriage with Anna Katharina, Wild- and Rheingräfin of Salm-Kyrburg, of whom only eight survived: Sophie Louise (by marriage Margravine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth), Christine Fredericka (by marriage Duchess of Oettingen-Oettingen), Christine Charlotte (by marriage Princess of Ostfriesland), William Louis, Duke of Württemberg, Anna Katharine (unmarried), Eberhardine Katharine (by marriage Duchess of Oettingen-Oettingen), Frederick Charles, Duke of Württemberg-Winnental and Karl Maximilian (unmarried).
In Kirchheim unter Teck on 20 September 1688, Sophie Charlotte married John George II, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach.
[1][2] Duke John George II died of smallpox on 10 November 1698.
Sophie Charlotte never remarried and survived him eighteen years.