[1] Piccard was born on September 27, 1904, in Saint Petersburg, with a French Huguenot mother and a Swiss father.

She earned a diploma in Smolensk in 1925, where her father, Eugène-Ferdinand Piccard, was a university professor and her mother a language teacher at the lycée.

Soon afterwards she moved to Switzerland with her parents, escaping the unrest in Russia that her mother, Eulalie Piccard, would become known for writing about.

Sophie Piccard's Russian degree was worthless in Switzerland, and she earned another from the University of Lausanne in 1927, going on to complete a doctorate there in 1929 under the supervision of Dmitry Mirimanoff.

This book included early research on Golomb rulers, finite sets of integer points in a one-dimensional space with the property that their distances are all distinct.