[1] The building of station has heritage monument status and its creation gave rise to the development of the city.

As a result of an agreement between the two companies in June 1858, construction began on a connection between these two railway networks (the Ząbkowice–Szopienice section via Sosnowiec).

With this connection operational, most freight traffic between Prussia and the Congress Poland was routed through Sosnowiec instead of Maczki, increasing the station's cargo and passenger volume significantly by 1868.

The two-story neoclassical-style building with single-story extensions along the platform was likely designed by the Italian architect Henryk Marconi.

[10][11][8][12] In 1860, the Russian architect A. I. Gornostayev constructed customs buildings on the opposite side of the tracks, later demolished in the Interwar period.

[13] The station's establishment spurred Sosnowiec's rapid development, leading to the construction of public facilities (banks, hotels, commercial and service buildings), and residential structures, which contributed to receiving city rights from Tsar Nicholas II in 1902.

[11][12] During the January Uprising, on the night of February 6–7, 1863, a battle took place at the station between Polish insurgents and the Russian garrison.

In 1927, repair workshops for railway cars were set up next to the rectangular engine shed, and two years later, a new fan-shaped roundhouse with a turntable was built.

[15] After World War II, the station was incorporated into the Katowice Regional Directorate of State Railways.

The decision to electrify the Warsaw–Katowice line via Sosnowiec Główny was made in mid-1948, citing the need to improve passenger and freight traffic.

Electrification proceeded in stages, with the section Gliwice – Katowice – Sosnowiec Główny – Łazy electrified on June 1, 1957.

It features three ticket offices operated by PKP Intercity (one of which is adapted for disabled persons), security facilities, and seating benches.

The platform shelter was refurbished, and new benches, trash bins, and an electronic lift for disabled persons were installed near the stairs[29][20].