Soul dualism

The reconstructed Proto-Austronesian word for the "body soul" is *nawa ("breath", "life", or "vital spirit").

The "free soul" is also referred to in names that literally mean "twin" or "double", from Proto-Austronesian *duSa ("two").

[13] The "free soul" is said to leave the body and journey to the spirit world during trance-like states, sleep, delirium, death, and insanity.

[14] The duality is also seen in the healing traditions of Austronesian shamans, where illnesses are regarded as a "soul loss" and thus to heal the sick, one must "return" the "free soul" (which may have been stolen by an evil spirit or got lost in the spirit world) into the body.

[9] Traditional Chinese culture differentiates two hun and po spirits or souls, which correlate with yang and yin respectively.

[4][21] See notion of shadow-soul (being able to depart freely the body), e.g. íz [hu] in Hungarian folk beliefs.