The borough of Orrstown is surrounded by the northwestern part of the township, but like Shippensburg is a separate municipality.

A separate Southampton Township lies directly adjacent in Cumberland County.

Interstate 81 and U.S. Route 11, running in parallel, cross the center of the township.

I-81 leads northeast to Carlisle and southwest to Hagerstown, Maryland, and has one interchange (Exit 24) in the township.

US-11, the local highway, passes northeast through Shippensburg and southwest through Chambersburg, the Franklin County seat, while also leading to the more distant destinations on I-81.