Soviet Negro Republic

Many communists favored the formation of an independent Soviet republic for black people as an oppressed ethnic group within the United States, influenced by Marcus Garvey's formulation of the Back-to-Africa movement.

This was purportedly the line favored by Joseph Stalin and orthodox Leninists within the Soviet Union, but opposed by US party leaders and many black Americans within the communist movement opposed such as an example of Jim Crow-style segregation and white chauvinism, and unhelpful in alleviating the position of black people in America at that time.

[3] Ruled by black people under the principle of self-determination, it was hypothesized that the proposed republic might later favor federation with a communist United States.

[5] The far-right John Birch Society continued to claim that the African-American civil rights movement was a communist plot to found a Soviet Negro Republic, with Martin Luther King Jr. as its president.

[8] The California Eagle, an African-American newspaper, claimed that the campaign against King put the Society "out in the open as an active anti-Negro organization ...