The Spanish pavilion houses Spain's national representation during the Venice Biennale arts festivals.
Often described as "the Olympics of the art world", participation in the Biennale is a prestigious event for contemporary artists.
The Biennale parent organization also hosts regular festivals in other arts: architecture, dance, film, music, and theater.
While its façade shows influence of 17th century Spanish Baroque architecture, its internal layout is similar to that of the German Pavilion, for a kind of uniformity in the early Giardini buildings.
The painter-architect Joaquín Vaquero Palacios restored the pavilion in 1952 and made its façade more modern, with a continuous brick face.