[2][3] Real-time captioning includes stenographic, voice writing, and automatic speech recognition methods.
Occasional mondegreen errors may be seen in closed-captions when the computer software fails to distinguish where a word break occurs in the syllable stream.
The words spoken by a voice writer are converted by the computer's speech recognition engine into streaming text and can be disseminated in various formats, including internet streaming, subtitling, or direct displays for end-users.
Stenographers use specialized software to convert phonetic strokes from their keyboards into English text.
Errors may arise from STTRs mishearing words or from ambiguities in the statement that are only clarified by subsequent context.