Males mature spermatozoa (sperm) are produced to later join with a female oocyte (egg) to create offspring.

These hormones produce regulatory signals that control the maintenance and nutrients needed for the developing germ cells.

Spermatogonia plays a vital role in male fertility, as they are the initial germ cells for sperm production.

Cystic Fibrosis and Klinefelter's Syndrome are just two examples of ways diseases and genetic mutations can lead to infertility in men.

Anticancer drugs such as doxorubicin and vincristine can adversely affect male fertility by damaging the DNA of proliferative spermatogonial stem cells.

[11] In addition to a DNA repair response, exposure of spermatogonia to doxorubicin can also induce programmed cell death (apoptosis).