Sri Lanka participated at the 2018 Asian Games in Jakarta and Palembang, Indonesia from 18 August to 2 September 2018.

The Sri Lankan team was scheduled to consist of 185 athletes (138 men and 47 women), marking the large contingent the country has sent to a single edition of the Asian Games.

[1][3] Approximately, 60 officials and coaches were also a part of the contingent, making the total team size 245.

[7] On August 17, 2018, weightlifter Dinusha Gomes was announced as the country's flag bearer at the opening ceremony.

[8] The National Shooting Sports Federation of Sri Lanka declined to enter any athletes for the games because the National Olympic Committee of Sri Lanka refused a request for a coach to go with the team.

[9] Sri Lanka failed to win a medal, being jointly ranked with eight other countries for last place.

Sri Lanka originally had five archers (three men and two women), who met the qualification standards.

[11] Two athletes were given exceptions to the trials as they were training overseas: Indunil Herath and Hiruni Wijayaratne.

[5][13] The team was later reduced to 12 athletes (seven men and five women), after the entries of Ushan Thiwanka and Upamali Ratnakumari were rejected by organizers due to the national organization forgetting to enter their names on time.

[14][15] The track and field team failed to win a medal for the third straight Asian Games.

The top placing performance was fourth by the men's 4 × 400 m relay team who finished with a time that was off the Sri Lankan record by 0.03 seconds.

[31] The following is the Sri Lanka roster in the men's field hockey tournament at the 2018 Asian Games.

[34] Before the competition began, 20 teams put in complaints to the Court of Arbitration for Sport, disputing the eligibility of three of the golfers: Mithun Perera, Nadaraja Thangarajah and Anura Rohana.

[39] Sri Lanka entered a men's and women's team of 12 athletes each (24 total).

[1][41] The president of the Sri Lankan Kabaddi federation, Anura Pathirana, resigned after both teams failed to win a medal.

[44][45] The team finished in last place in all three races in competed in and therefore ranked eighth (and last) in the quadruple sculls.

Qualification Legend: FA=Final A (medal); FB=Final B (non-medal); R=Repechage Sri Lanka entered a men's team.

[53] Sri Lankan swimmers advanced to only one final, through Matthew Abeysinghe's sixth-place finish in the 100 metres freestyle event.