Education in New York City
Education in New York City is provided by a vast number of public and private institutions.
New York City is home to some of the most important libraries, universities, and research centers in the world.
In 2006, New York had the most post-graduate life sciences degrees awarded annually in the United States, 40,000 licensed physicians, and 127 Nobel laureates with roots in local institutions.
Under Mayor Michael Bloomberg, the city embarked on a major school reform effort.
New York City is also home to hundreds of cultural institutions and historic sites, many of which are internationally known.
CUNY is built around the City College of New York, whose own history dates back to the formation of the Free Academy in 1847.
Much of CUNY's student body, which represent 197 countries, consists of new immigrants to New York City.
[citation needed] The City University's alumni include Jonas Salk, Colin Powell, Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel.
[14][15] Founded in 1831, NYU is one of the largest private, nonprofit institutions of higher education in the United States.
[21] For 155 years until 2014, Cooper Union admitted students based on merit alone and provided each with a full-tuition scholarship.
[24] St. John's University was founded by the Vincentian Fathers in 1870[25] and now has campuses in Queens, Manhattan, and Staten Island, with over 20,000 graduate and undergraduate students.
Manhattan University, founded in 1853 by the De La Salle Brothers, is located in the Bronx's Riverdale neighborhood and offers students a liberal arts education, Division I athletics, and graduate degree options in Business, Education, and Engineering.
[citation needed] One of the nation's most prestigious conservatories, The Juilliard School, is located on the Upper West Side.
[citation needed] The New York Academy of Sciences is one of the oldest scientific societies in the United States,[31] comprising some 20,000 scientists of all disciplines from 150 countries.
According to Census Data, NYC spent $19,076 each year per student in 2013,[35] more than any other state[36] compared to the national average of $10,560.
[39] A constitutional challenge to the New York State school funding system was filed in 1993 by the Campaign for Fiscal Equity.
Justice DeGrasse agreed with the referees' recommendations and in 2005 ruled that New York City schools need nearly $15 billion to provide students with their constitutional right to the opportunity to receive a sound basic education.
[41][42] The New York City Department of Education pays $70 million annually to the private school sector.
The main denominations or religions operating these institutions are Roman Catholic, Protestant, Jewish, and Islamic.
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York administers institutions in Manhattan, Staten Island, and Bronx boroughs.
Over 15.5 million patrons checked out books, periodicals, and other materials from the library's 82 branches in the 2004–2005 fiscal year.
It is now a research library with an important collection, including material from ancient Egypt, Émile Zola, William Blake's original drawings for his edition of the Book of Job; a Percy Bysshe Shelley notebook; originals of poems by Robert Burns; a Charles Dickens manuscript of A Christmas Carol; 30 shelves of Bibles; a journal by Henry David Thoreau; Mozart's Haffner Symphony in D Major; and manuscripts for George Sand, William Makepeace Thackeray, Lord Byron, Charlotte Brontë and nine of Sir Walter Scott's novels, including Ivanhoe.
New York City is home to hundreds of cultural institutions and historic sites, many of which are internationally known.
It also comprises a building complex known as The Cloisters in Fort Tryon Park at the north end of Manhattan overlooking the Hudson River which features medieval art.
Professor Raymond Vahan Damadian, a pioneer in magnetic resonance imaging research, was part of the faculty from 1967 to 1977 and built the first MRI machine, the Indomitable, there.
Rockefeller University, located on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, is a world-renowned center for research and graduate education in the biomedical sciences, chemistry, and physics.
Rockefeller scientists established that DNA is the chemical basis of heredity, discovered blood groups, showed that viruses can cause cancer, founded the modern field of cell biology, worked out the structure of antibodies, developed methadone maintenance for people addicted to heroin, devised the AIDS "cocktail" drug therapy, and identified the weight-regulating hormone leptin.
One question scientists hope to answer is Darwin's "abominable mystery"; when, where, and why flowering plants emerged.
The laboratory's research also furthers the discipline of molecular systematics, the study of DNA as evidence that can reveal the evolutionary history and relationships of plant species.
A staff of 200 trains 42 doctoral students at a time from all over the world; since the 1890s scientists from the New York Botanical Garden have mounted about 2,000 exploratory missions across the planet to collect plants in the wild.
