Catholics in Stone City were initially served by priests from Cedar Rapids and Anamosa.

Mass was celebrated in parishioner's homes until 1881 when permission was granted to use a large hall in Stone City.

Otto Braun served as the contractor, and the labor to construct the church was also donated by local quarry businesses.

The rear of the church can be seen anchoring the left side of Grant Wood's painting Stone City (1930).

The church building was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.