It was built on the site of the original Virgin Mary's Chapel[1] of the Benedictine monastery in 1240–1280.

[2] The basilica together with the Jewish Quarter in Třebíč were inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2003, because of their exceptional testimony to the exchange of culture and values in the regions.

Jan Karel, Count of Valdštejn established a castle chapel of St. Procopius from the presbytery of the basilica.

Before the basilica was constructed there was a chapel of St. Procopius, which was built in the year 1104 and was consecrated by Heřman, Bishop of Prague.

The reconstruction meant the disappearance of romanesque architecture in the monastery, but allowed for the new basilica to be built.