Stacks are a feature found in Apple's macOS, starting in Mac OS X Leopard.
In the initial release of Leopard, Stacks could be shown two ways, in a "fan" or a "grid".
[1] This list view allows folder icons to display their contents in pop-out side menus.
Originally, if the fan view was too long to fit within the screen, it was automatically displayed as a grid.
After the update, the top item in the fan would allow the user to open the folder in a Finder window.