The state highway runs 61.87 miles (99.57 km) from U.S. Route 1 (US 1) in Doswell east to Interstate 64 (I-64) and SR 607 near Norge.

SR 30 runs east–west through Hanover and Caroline Counties, connecting US 1 and I-95 with the Kings Dominion amusement park and US 301.

SR 30 begins at an intersection with US 1 (Washington Highway) south of Doswell in northeastern Hanover County.

SR 30 continues east to its interchange with I-95, which includes direct ramps between southbound I-95 and the entrance to Kings Dominion.

SR 30 continues south as Barhamsville Road to its intersection with US 60 (Richmond Highway) north of Toano.

SR 30 turns north onto Croaker Road, a four-lane divided highway, and passes through a full cloverleaf interchange with I-64.