[7][8] Authoritarian philosophies view a strong, authoritative state as required to legislate or enforce morality and cultural practices.
John Locke notably influenced modern thinking in his writings published before and after the English Revolution of 1688, especially A Letter Concerning Toleration (1667), Two Treatises of Government (1689) and An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690).
In some cases, state capitalism refers to economic policies such as dirigisme, which existed in France during the second half of the 20th century and to the present-day economies of the People's Republic of China and Singapore, where the government owns controlling shares in publicly traded companies.
[14] Some authors also define the former economies of the Eastern Bloc and Soviet Union as constituting a form of state capitalism.
Economic interventionism asserts that the state has a legitimate or necessary role within the framework of a capitalist economy by intervening in markets, regulating against overreaches of private sector industry and either providing or subsidizing goods and services not adequately produced by the market.
It is often used in reference to Soviet-type economic systems of former communist states and, by extension, those of North Korea, Cuba, and the People's Republic of China.
'State nationalism' is considered a form of 'civic nationalism' and there are similarities between the two,[18][19][20] but this also has to do with illiberal, authoritarian and totalitarian politics; Italian fascism is the best example, epitomized in this slogan of Benito Mussolini: "Tutto nello Stato, niente al di fuori dello Stato, nulla contro lo Stato" ("Everything in the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State").
[clarification needed] In the East Asian cultural sphere, including China, "state nationalism" and "statism" are both written as 國家主義,[a] making the distinction between the two unclear.