Stephen Tse

After his release from contempt charges relating to the subpoena, Tse and the Ping On were forced to share power with rival groups that had grown stronger while he was jailed.

[8] During this time, Tse was allied with Harry Mook (Goon Chun Yee), head of the local CKT, operator of the Four Seas restaurant, and reputedly the godfather of Chinatown.

[11] After receiving a subpoena on September 20, 1984 from the President's Commission on Organized Crime to answer questions about an apparent unity ceremony he had participated in with the heads of other triad crime organizations in Hong Kong,[12] Tse appeared before the Commission on October 1 and asserted his Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination; after he was granted immunity on October 19 in exchange for his testimony, he continued to refuse to answer questions and was found in contempt after a brief proceeding.

[3] In December 1988, Cuong Khanh "Dai Keung" Luu and Chao Va Meng demanded $30,000 from the Ping On for undelivered counterfeit green cards.

[19] The end of the Ping On's influence in Chinatown was marked by the murder of gang lieutenant Michael Kwong,[20] shot to death inside his New Dragon Chef restaurant in Arlington on August 11, 1989.

[21] However, Luu was murdered (along with four others) by three men connected to Tse on the night of January 11–12, 1991, during the Boston Chinatown massacre, which was thought to be part of a continued struggle for power.