He was born in Cellardyke, Fife in 1827, the son of Archibald Williamson, a shipowner.
In 1848 he went to Liverpool, and there founded, with Alexander Balfour, the firm of Balfour Williamson, trading with South America with offices in Valparaíso, Chile and San Francisco.
In 1880 he was elected to the House of Commons as Member of Parliament (MP) for St Andrews, a seat he held until 1885, and then represented Kilmarnock Burghs between 1886 and 1895.
His son Archibald Williamson was also a politician and was created Baron Forres in 1922.
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