The Stewart–Tolman effect is a phenomenon in electrodynamics caused by the finite mass of electrons in conducting metal, or, more generally, the finite mass of charge carriers in an electrical conductor.
It is named after T. Dale Stewart and Richard C. Tolman, two American physicists who carried out their experimental work in the 1910s.
In the case of linear acceleration, negative charge accumulates at the end of the body; while for rotation the negative charge accumulates at the outer rim.
This effect is proportional to the mass of the charge carriers.
It is much more significant in electrolyte conductors than metals, because ions in the former are 103-104 times more massive than electrons in the latter.