[8] Because Fosse Way continued to Aquae Sulis (Bath), known as Aquamannia in the early Middle Ages, this major thoroughfare became known as Akeman Street.

Due east of the modern village, a major Roman villa was built just north of the road, probably in the 3rd or 4th century although coins as early as the 1st-century reign of Vespasian were possibly discovered nearby.

[12] About 1 mile (1.6 km) south of Stonesfield, on the other side of the River Evenlode and in the next parish, the remains of the North Leigh Roman Villa survive in the care of English Heritage.

[15] With guidance by the French anatomist Georges Cuvier, Buckland eventually realized they came from a bipedal lizard-like carnivore unlike any now living,[13] publishing his description in 1824 with the name Megalosaurus, the "great Fossil Lizard of Stonesfield".

Other species later found at Stonesfield include the crocodile Steneosaurus, the pterosaur Rhamphocephalus, and the type specimens of the theropod genus Iliosuchus[17] and the quadruped Stereognathus.

On 25 January 1712, a tenant farmer named George Handes or Hannes rediscovered the old Roman villa while plowing the Chesthill Acre fields.

[5] He tricked his landlord, Richard Fowler of Great Barrington, Gloucestershire, into allowing him to dig around his fields before revealing what he had found, leading to a prolonged dispute over ownership and the rights to income from the many visitors who came from Oxford and abroad.

[18] Ultimately, three large mosaics were uncovered,[9] the largest of which featured the Roman god Bacchus holding a thyrsus and riding a panther.

[19] Oxford academics and their guests destroyed these, removing fragments piecemeal as souvenirs,[20] although Thomas Hearne, Bernard Gardiner, and others created illustrations and descriptions while it was still largely whole[21] and the Ashmolean Museum was able to acquire some hypocaust flue-tiles and the base of a pillar.

[6] The antiquaries William Stukeley[18] and Richard Gough blamed the destruction on the tenant's maliciousness and "the mob, who refused to pay for seeing it";[9] the owners were also accused of salting the site with additional coins from other sources once they saw the profit from their original discoveries.

[12] The site was neglected after the initial interest waned, however, as late as 1780 the antiquarian Daines Barrington reported that the mosaic found in 1712 survived "in tolerable preservation".

[18] The careless enclosure of Stonefield's common lands in 1801 caused the site of the Roman villa to be divided among 3 different owners, who seem to have quickly removed the last of the known ruins.

Surviving Early English features from that period include the chancel arch, north chapel, south aisle, arcade and piscina[22] and most of the west tower.

The church is a Grade II* listed building[24] St James' parish is now part of the Benefice of Stonesfield with Combe Longa.

The current Reverend is Rev Rose Westwood, Witney and Farringdon Circuit Superintendent and Minister for Long Hanborough, Charlbury, Stonesfield, and Sutton Churches.

Detached are a Brew-house, large Shop with extensive cellarage underneath, Stable, Barn, Wagon Hovel, Cow Shed, Poultry Pen, Piggery, and Cattle Yard; together with capital Garden Ground at the back and in the front of the house.

During this period, much like Sturdy's Castle on the Banbury Road (A4260) and the King's Head in the centre of Woodstock, the White Horse Inn became a 'Spud Pub'.

[38] Local residents formed a community benefit society to attempt to raise money to save the pub via a shared ownership concept.

[37] A public house which now forms part of Prospect Villa, The Marlborough Arms, opened on the Woodstock Road in 1838 and served customers until 1875.

[37] The Rose & Crown also previously stood on the High Street; however, it was demolished in 1958[37] to make way for a new school playground and, 34 years later, five low-cost houses were built there.

[32] Mr Vivian Miles and his wife, Emily, ran the pub from 1952 until 1962 before taking ownership of the White Horse Inn up the road for a further 15 years.

Records are also limited in regard to this pub; however, the cottage gained notoriety in the 1990s from a police incident involving a search for the body of a murdered woman.

The club's relatively small, friendly group of members play on the aforementioned tennis courts on the sports pitch, which were re-laid in 2018.

[68] The approximately 68,000 square feet (6,300 m2) sports field and playground behind the school, backing onto Peaks Lane, form an iconic part of the village.

[76] The second, slightly smaller allotment plot is the Woodstock Road site located in the north east reaches of Stonesfield, surrounded by fields.

[78] The site was demolished and cleared in late 2019 due to factors such as asbestos related health concerns, rodent infestations, and inadequate facilities.

[83] The Slate was founded in December 1976 by Gordon Rudlin who wanted a newsletter which gave details about village events as he kept hearing about things after they had taken place.

[84] Richard and Dale Morris took over from Gordon in January 1998 and held the publisher role for the next seven years, bringing the publication fully into the digital age.

[85] Jenny and Simon Haviland were presented with a framed Stonesfield slate on 29 February 2020 to celebrate the 500th issue of the publication and recognise their efforts as publishers of the magazine since 2004.

[97] Stonesfield also features in the AA’s rated trips with a 3.5 miles (5.6 km) 1.5-hour long walk through the village and south west of the parish down to the River Evenlode.