Straßwalchen (Central Bavarian: Strosswoicher) is a market town in the district of Salzburg-Umgebung (Flachgau) in the state of Salzburg in Austria.

With the Western Railway Straßwalchen is connected to the Salzburg S-Bahn public transport network, as northeastern terminus of the S2 line.

From the 6th century onwards, Bavarii tribes moved into the region—the name Strazzuualaha, first documented in 799, is probably derived from walha, the Proto-Germanic denotation for a Latinized population they had encountered, similar to nearby Seewalchen or Wals.

While the Lordship of Straßwalchen was held by the Prince-Bishops of Passau since 1243, the economically important toll station passed to the Wittelsbach dukes of Bavaria in 1286, which sparked a long-time dissension between the rivaling rulers.

From 1810 to 1816 the Kingdom of Bavaria, newly established with the support of Napoleon, comprised the Salzburg territory with Straßwalchen, before it finally passed to the Austrian Empire according to the resolutions of the Vienna Congress.