3, was written by Ludwig van Beethoven between 1798 and 1800 and published in 1801, dedicated to Joseph Franz von Lobkowitz.

18]",[1] except for the fourth movement, in which "Beethoven first explores the idea of shifting the centre of gravity toward the end of a multimovement work".

[3] Burstein describes the dramatic and unusual harmonic progression at the end of the development section as “breathtaking”.

[4] “The sudden reinterpretation of the C♯ creates a type of tonal crisis which has deep structural ramifications for the entire movement.

Beethoven's brilliant manner of dealing with the implications of this unusual strategy indicates a debt to his teacher, Haydn, and also reveals much about Beethoven's own craft and artistic vision.”[4] The final movement contains a theme that resembles the Mexican hat dance.