Struthionidae (/ˌstruːθiˈɒnədiː/; from Latin strūthiō 'ostrich' and Ancient Greek εἶδος (eîdos) 'appearance, resemblance') is a family of flightless birds, containing the extant ostriches and their extinct relatives.

[3] The first species of Struthio appear during the Miocene epoch, though various Paleocene, Eocene, and Oligocene fossils may also belong to the family.

[4][5] Ostriches are classified in the ratite group of birds, all extant species of which are flightless, including the kiwis, emus, and rheas.

Struthio dispersed into and became widespread in Eurasia during the late middle-Late Miocene epoch beginning around 12 million years ago.

[11][12][13] Today ostriches are only found natively in the wild in Africa, where they occur in a range of open arid and semi-arid habitats such as savannas and the Sahel, both north and south of the equatorial forest zone.