Robinson was an Ulster Scot, born in Strabane, County Tyrone, Ireland.
He taught there until 1858, when he became minister of Second Presbyterian Church in Louisville, Kentucky, a position he held until his death.
He founded a weekly newspaper in April 1862 called True Presbyterian,[3] in order to "directly oppose the Unionist political theology advocated by Robert J. Breckinridge and the Danville Quarterly Review".
[4] He was arrested for Confederate sentiments later that year and upon release fled to Canada, where he spent the remainder of the war.
[2] Robinson returned to Louisville in 1866,[5] and became leader of the portion of the Kentucky Synod which joined the Southern Presbyterian Church.