While he was in Mora Yenişehiri with his father in 1669, he began his religious education under Vani Mehmed Efendi, undergoing the bed-i besmele ceremony.

After the failure of the second Siege of Vienna (1683) the Holy League had captured large parts of the Empire's territory in Europe.

Sultan Mustafa II was determined to recapture the lost territories in Hungary and therefore he personally commanded his armies.

[8] As Mustafa attempted to realize his thoughts quickly, the island of Chios, which had previously fallen into the hands of the Venetians, was taken back at that time, the Crimean Tatars Shahbaz Giray entered the territory of Poland and proceeded to Lemberg (Lviv), and returned with many captives and booty.

After these victories the Ottoman troops captured Timișoara and Koca Cafer Pasha was appointed as the protector of Belgrade.

In 1700, for example, the Grand Vizier Amcazade Hüseyin boasted to a recalcitrant tribe residing in swamps near Baghdad that they ought to abide by the sultan's rule, since his grasp extended even to their marshy redoubts.

Mustafa II's strategy was to create an alternative base of power for himself by making the position of timars, the Ottoman cavalrymen, hereditary and thus loyal to him.

The stratagem failed, the disaffected troops bound to a Georgian campaign mutinied in the capital (called the "Edirne event" by historians), and Mustafa was deposed on 22 August 1703.

[12] With the rise of Mustafa II, the title of "Haseki Sultan" was definitively abolished, to be permanently replaced by the less prestigious and not exclusive "Kadın" (imperial consort).

Mustafa II also created a new class of concubines, the "Ikbal":[13] inferior in rank to the Kadın in the hierarchy of the harem, they were initially called with the normal title of "Hatun" (woman), later modified in that, superior, of "Hanim" (lady).