Aceh's conquest was led by Muhammad Dalik who assumed a title as Sri Paduka Tuanku Gocah Pahlawan.

This Acehnese commander was a descendant of Amir Muhammad Badar ud-din Khan, a nobleman from India who married Princess Chandra Dewi, daughter of the Sultan of Samudera Pasai.

Shortly after being appointed ruler of Aru territory representing the Sultan of Aceh, Gocah Pahlawan was appointed by the four kings of the Batak Karo urung (country) as a Datuk Tunggal or Ulon Janji, which was a position with an authority equivalent to the position of prime minister or grand vizier.

At the same time, Lembaga Datuk Berempat was also established that served as an advisory council for the government of Gocah Pahlawan.

In 1632, Gocah Pahlawan married King Undo Sunggal's daughter, named Princess Nang Baluan Beru Surbakti.

In 1669, Tuanku Panglima Perunggit proclaimed independence from the Sultanate of Aceh and established a connection with the Dutch in Malacca (Basarshah II, nd: 50).

The name of Deli had actually been listed in the archives of the VOC (Dutch East India Company) in Malacca, in the record of April 1641.

[7] Another Dutch archive that mentions Deli is a record dated 9 September 1641 containing a letter from Sultanah Safi al-Din Taj al-Alam to the Governor-General Antonio van Diemen (1636–1645) in Batavia.

Despite his status as the oldest child, Tuanku Jalaludin Gelar Kejuruan Metar was excluded from the candidates for the throne of the Sultanate of Deli because his eyes were impaired.

Meanwhile, Tuanku Tawar (Arifin) Gelar Kejuruan Santun chose to avoid the war between the two brothers and opened a country in Denai which later expanded to Serbajadi.

Meanwhile, Tuanku Umar Johan Alamsyah Gelar Kejeruan Junjongan did not relax and got ready to establish the Sultanate of Serdang.

[10] Due to their economic interests, the Dutch felt the need to maintain good relations with the authorities in Deli.

The government of the Deli was continued by Kanduhid who assumed the title as Panglima Gandar Wahid, but he died in 1805 and was succeeded by Tuanku Amaluddin.

[12] The civil war between the Sultanate of Deli and Serdang ended in the early 20th century after pressure from the Dutch (Rays, 2007:24).

On 21 August 1862, Elisha Netscher and the group entered Kuala Sungai Deli and was greeted by Sultan Mahmud Al Rashid Perkasa Alam Shah.

Maimoon Palace was built in what is now the centre of Medan City administration and inhabited by the sultans of Deli and their families since 18 May 1891.

The architect of this palace was a KNIL soldier (Koninklijk Nederlandsche Indische Leger, Dutch East Indies colonial army) named Captain Theodoor van Erp [nl].

Still in the same book, Tengku Luckman Sinar also writes that the rebellion incitements had been rumoured since June 1942 during the era of Japanese occupation in Indonesia.

Many kings and royal family in North Sumatra were murdered and robbed of their property and belongings, including Tengku Amir Hamzah, the Indonesian poet who was beheaded in Kuala Begumit.

The family of the Sultanate of Deli and Serdang survived thanks to the preservation of the Allied soldiers who were on duty in the field to accept the surrender of the Japanese.

Since founded by Gocah Pahlawan, the Sultanate of Deli already had a Lembaga Datuk Berempat that served as a government advisory board.

At that time, the Lembaga Datuk Berempat posts consisted of four Karo Batak Kings that had supported Deli since its declaration as an independent kingdom.

The Orang-orang Besar was appointed and dismissed by the Sultan of Deli after consulted the Resident with respect to customs regulations.